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Key questions W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s e l f - r e p o r t e d g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s ?
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I Camara Phyllis Jones, MD, MPH, PhD
Research Director on Social Determinants of Health
Emerging Investigations and Analytic Methods Branch
Division of Adult and Community Health
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Coordinating Center for Health Promotion
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention P J
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The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the author
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6 a ED.
L General health status, by self-identified and socially-assigned "race", 2004 * M
L V
0 f 0
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L General health status, by self-identified and socially-assigned "race", 2004 * M
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6 ED.
L General health status, by self-identified and socially-assigned "race", 2004 * M
L S
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6 ' M
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6 + G
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L General health status, by self-identified and socially-assigned "race", 2004 * M
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6 C G=
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6 L ED.
L General health status, by self-identified and socially-assigned "race", 2004 * M
L N
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6 G
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Colorado Jason Gannon
Delaware Fred Breukelman
District of Columbia John Davies-Cole
Mississippi Ron McAnally
Rhode Island Jana Hesser
South Carolina Beili Dong
Wisconsin Anne Ziege )
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L 8 Basically, one is called on to explain why, within a group that all self-identifies in the same way, there is a statistically significant difference (for Hispanics) in reporting excellent or very good general health status depending on how one is usually classified by others. We have already defined this social classification as "race", and racism as the system of structuring opportunity and assigning value based on this social classification. We therefore have evidence of the relationship between socially assigned "race" and general health status, presumably brought about through racism. (That is, we have to ask ourselves why would social classification matter, independent of self-identification? It matters only in a society where social classification affects exposures and opportunities within the society.) H
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Also, the most fundamental question that rarely gets raised because we rarely look at the underlying distributions of SES by "race", even when we look at SES and health, is why is socially assigned "race" associated with income distributions? I strongly suggest that this is because of institutionalized racism, the structures, policies, practices, and norms that perpetuate initial historical injustices. H
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d Implications for measuring racism include the need to measure socially assigned "race", either through external assessment (as was the case up through NHANES 1) or by using my question, "How do other people usually classify you in this country?" Need expand beyond measures of discrimination, especially measures that ask about people's perceptions of discrimination. Measures of discrimination need to be objective, as in looking at health provider behavior over time or aggregated over providers in a system. Need keep measuring "race" in order to do this monitoring. Measures of institutionalized, personally-mediated, and internalized racism, both at individual and aggregate levels.
With regard to implementing public policy to remedy the health consequences of racism:
Continue to measure "race" on public datasets
Add measures of SES to public datasets to look and joint and independent impacts
Include measures of racism
Include measurement of racism on examination datasets such as NHANES, National Children's Study
Measure racism so that we can name racism to ask the further question, "How is racism operating here?"
Not enough to know about the impacts of racism on health. Need identify the mechanisms (structures, policies, practices, and norms) so know how to intervene.
Need examination data. Need measures besides perception. Need look at expanded group of questions on different domains (I need see my notes from the work on the General Social Survey). There are five other questions on the Reactions to Race module, expanded set proposed for other surveys. Need do focus groups to identify further domains. e Z e
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,! T h e f i r s t q u e s t i o n o n t h e m o d u l e a s k s h o w t h e r e s p o n d e n t i s u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r p e o p l e i n t h i s c o u n t r y . T h a t i s , i t c a p t u r e s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s d i s t i n c t f r o m s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c i t y . T h e r e s p o n s e c a t e g o r i e s i n c l u d e a l l o f t h e O M B r a c e c a t e g o r i e s a s w e l l a s t h e o n e O M B e t h n i c i t y c a t e g o r y , w i t h n o a r b i t r a r y d i s t i n c t i o n b e i n g m a d e b e t w e e n r a c e a n d e t h n i c i t y .
B e c a u s e w e a l s o h a v e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c i t y d a t a o n t h e B R F S S , i t i s u s e f u l t o l o o k a t t h e c o n c o r d a n c e b e t w e e n s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d a n d s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e . A s s e e n i n T a b l e O n e , t h e q u e s t i o n H o w a r e y o u u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r p e o p l e i n t h i s c o u n t r y ? m a p s w e l l o n t o s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c i t y f o r t h e l a r g e s t g r o u p s , w i t h 9 5 . 2 % o f t h o s e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s W h i t e a l s o s e l f - i d e n t i f y i n g a s W h i t e , 9 3 . 4 % o f t h o s e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s B l a c k a l s o s e l f - i d e n t i f y i n g a s B l a c k , a n d 9 3 . 4 % o f t h o s e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s H i s p a n i c a l s o s e l f - i d e n t i f y i n g a s H i s p a n i c .
W h e n s t a r t i n g w i t h h o w r e s p o n d e n t s s e l f - i d e n t i f y t o e x a m i n e t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e ( s e e T a b l e T w o ) , w e a l s o s e e g o o d c o n c o r d a n c e f o r W h i t e a n d B l a c k r e s p o n d e n t s , w i t h 9 8 . 6 % o f t h o s e s e l f - i d e n t i f y i n g a s W h i t e a l s o u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s W h i t e , a n d 9 3 . 5 % o f t h o s e s e l f - i d e n t i f y i n g a s B l a c k a l s o u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s B l a c k . H o w e v e r , a m o n g t h o s e s e l f - i d e n t i f y i n g a s H i s p a n i c , o n l y 7 4 . 0 % a r e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s H i s p a n i c , w h i l e 2 0 . 0 % a r e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s W h i t e .
T h e p r e s e n c e o f t w o s i z a b l e p o p u l a t i o n s a m o n g s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d H i s p a n i c s w h i c h d i f f e r i n s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a l l o w s u s t o e x a m i n e t h e i m p a c t s o f s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e o n h e a l t h i n t h i s g r o u p . T h e B R F S S d o e s n o t i n c l u d e e x a m i n a t i o n d a t a , b u t d o e s i n c l u d e a n a s s e s s m e n t o f g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s ( W o u l d y o u s a y t h a t i n g e n e r a l y o u r h e a l t h i s e x c e l l e n t , v e r y g o o d , g o o d , f a i r , o r p o o r ? ) w h i c h h a s b e e n s h o w n t o b e h i g h l y p r e d i c t i v e o f m o r t a l i t y a n d m o r b i d i t y i n p r e v i o u s s t u d i e s .
T h e b o t t o m o f F i g u r e O n e i l l u s t r a t e s t h e p e r c e n t o f r e s p o n d e n t s r e p o r t i n g e x c e l l e n t o r v e r y g o o d g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a m o n g t h r e e g r o u p s : S e l f - i d e n t i f i e d H i s p a n i c s w h o a r e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s H i s p a n i c , s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d H i s p a n i c s w h o a r e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s W h i t e , a n d s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d W h i t e s w h o a r e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s W h i t e . T h e p r o p o r t i o n o f r e s p o n d e n t s r e p o r t i n g e x c e l l e n t o r v e r y g o o d h e a l t h a m o n g t h e H i s p a n i c - W h i t e s ( 5 5 . 1 % ) i s i n t e r m e d i a t e b e t w e e n t h a t p r o p o r t i o n f o r H i s p a n i c - H i s p a n i c s ( 3 9 . 4 % ) a n d W h i t e - W h i t e s ( 6 3 . 1 % ) .
O n e s e e s t h e s a m e p i c t u r e i f o n e l o o k s i n s t e a d a t t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f r e s p o n d e n t s i n e a c h o f t h e t h r e e g r o u p s w h o r e p o r t f a i r o r p o o r h e a l t h ( s e e t h e t o p o f F i g u r e O n e ) : T h e p r o p o r t i o n f o r H i s p a n i c - W h i t e s ( 1 8 . 9 % ) i s i n t e r m e d i a t e b e t w e e n t h e p r o p o r t i o n f o r H i s p a n i c - H i s p a n i c s ( 2 4 . 8 % ) a n d t h e p r o p o r t i o n f o r W h i t e - W h i t e s ( 1 2 . 7 % ) .
L o o k i n g b a c k a t T a b l e T w o , o n e n o t e s t h a t w e c a n d o a s i m i l a r a n a l y s i s o f t h e i m p a c t o f s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e o n g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a m o n g t h o s e w h o s e l f - i d e n t i f y a s A m e r i c a n I n d i a n o r A l a s k a N a t i v e ( A I A N ) , w h e r e 5 7 . 8 % a r e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s A I A N w h i l e 2 4 . 4 % a r e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s W h i t e .
A s s e e n i n F i g u r e T w o , t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d A I A N s w h o a r e u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s a s W h i t e ( A I A N - W h i t e s ) w h o r e p o r t e x c e l l e n t o r v e r y g o o d h e a l t h ( 6 6 . 2 % ) i s v e r y s i m i l a r t o t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f W h i t e - W h i t e s w h o r e p o r t e x c e l l e n t o r v e r y g o o d h e a l t h ( 6 3 . 1 % ) a n d d o u b l e t h e a n a l o g o u s p r o p o r t i o n f o r A I A N - A I A N s ( 3 3 . 7 % ) .
T h e s e a n a l y s e s d e m o n s t r a t e t h e i m p a c t o f s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e o n h e a l t h . T h a t i s , t h e y d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t h o w o n e i s u s u a l l y c l a s s i f i e d b y o t h e r s i n t h i s c o u n t r y a f f e c t s s o m e t h i n g ( d a i l y l i f e e x p e r i e n c e s ? l i f e o p p o r t u n i t i e s ? ) t h a t t r a n s l a t e s i n t o d i f f e r e n c e s i n h e a l t h a s m e a s u r e d b y s e l f - a s s e s s e d g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s .
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E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p ( 8 9 8 9 _ ? @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e . W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l ( 8 ` 8 ` ` @ @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n 8 8 a ; 8 a ;
Key questions W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s e l f - r e p o r t e d g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s ?
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l ? 8 U b C U b C ~ What is racism?
What is racism?
What is racism?
a A Our tasks N a m e r a c i s m
A s k , H o w i s r a c i s m o p e r a t i n g h e r e ?
O r g a n i z e a n d s t r a t e g i z e t o a c t P P BRFSS coordinators/ X c d e f g h i
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O n l y o n e r e s p o n s e t o r a c e q u e s t i o n , A I / A N W W J W W W J V m j q r l ] \ ^ t s p '
a _ b ( ^ > @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p ( 8 9 8 9 _ ? @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z . W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
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E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
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W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n 8 8 a ; 8 a ;
Key questions W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s e l f - r e p o r t e d g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s ?
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E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l ? 8 U b C U b C ~ What is racism?
What is racism?
What is racism?
a A Our tasks N a m e r a c i s m
A s k , H o w i s r a c i s m o p e r a t i n g h e r e ?
O r g a n i z e a n d s t r a t e g i z e t o a c t P P BRFSS coordinators/ X c d e f g h i
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L N R Q S 7 B B C C D B C D D C
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O n l y o n e r e s p o n s e t o r a c e q u e s t i o n , W h i t e
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O n l y o n e r e s p o n s e t o r a c e q u e s t i o n , A I / A N W W J W W W J V m j q r l ] \ ^ t s p '
a _ b ( ^ > @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p ( 8 9 8 9 _ ? @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z . W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l ( 8 ` 8 ` ` @ @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n 8 8 a ; 8 a ;
Key questions W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s e l f - r e p o r t e d g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s ?
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l ? 8 U b C U b C ~ What is racism?
What is racism?
What is racism?
a A Our tasks N a m e r a c i s m
A s k , H o w i s r a c i s m o p e r a t i n g h e r e ?
O r g a n i z e a n d s t r a t e g i z e t o a c t P P BRFSS coordinators Limitations B R F S S i s a t e l e p h o n e s u r v e y
S o m e h o u s e h o l d s d o n o t h a v e l a n d - l i n e p h o n e s , a n d t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t i a l b y r a c e
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L N R Q S 7 B B C C D B C D D C
C C ) O % Y # [ $ Z & X ^ _ b c d < b $ iăykA; 0 R $ h ڌNؔYZ c 0 2 $ 3~5): < b $ p+<5 5 2 $ qP\d=pko 2 $
1k@a p 2 $ mn@n5w 6 2 $ F!Ђ3fE y C @ S e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c i t y ! ! f W h i t e
N o t o H i s p a n i c / L a t i n o e t h n i c i t y q u e s t i o n
O n l y o n e r e s p o n s e t o r a c e q u e s t i o n , W h i t e
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O n l y o n e r e s p o n s e t o r a c e q u e s t i o n , A I / A N W W J W W W J V m j q r l ] \ ^ t s p '
a _ b ( ^ > @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p ( 8 9 8 9 _ ? @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z . W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l ( 8 ` 8 ` ` @ @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n 8 8 a ; 8 a ;
Key questions W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s e l f - r e p o r t e d g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s ?
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l ? 8 U b C U b C ~ What is racism?
What is racism?
What is racism?
a A Our tasks N a m e r a c i s m
A s k , H o w i s r a c i s m o p e r a t i n g h e r e ?
O r g a n i z e a n d s t r a t e g i z e t o a c t P P BRFSS coordinators Limitations B R F S S i s a t e l e p h o n e s u r v e y
S o m e h o u s e h o l d s d o n o t h a v e l a n d - l i n e p h o n e s , a n d t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f l a n d - l i n e p h o n e s i s d i f f e r e n t i a l b y r a c e
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O n l y o n e r e s p o n s e t o r a c e q u e s t i o n , W h i t e
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N o t o H i s p a n i c / L a t i n o e t h n i c i t y q u e s t i o n
O n l y o n e r e s p o n s e t o r a c e q u e s t i o n , A I / A N W W J W W W J V m j q r l ] \ ^ t s p '
a _ b ( ^ > @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p ( 8 9 8 9 _ ? @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z . W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l ( 8 ` 8 ` ` @ @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! Z W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n 8 8 a ; 8 a ;
Key questions W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s e l f - r e p o r t e d g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s ?
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l ? 8 U b C U b C ~ What is racism?
What is racism?
What is racism?
a A Our tasks N a m e r a c i s m
A s k , H o w i s r a c i s m o p e r a t i n g h e r e ?
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A m e r i c a n I n d i a n / A l a s k a N a t i v e
N o t o H i s p a n i c / L a t i n o e t h n i c i t y q u e s t i o n
O n l y o n e r e s p o n s e t o r a c e q u e s t i o n , A I / A N W W J W W W J V m j q r l ] \ ^ t s p '
a _ b ( ^ > @ G e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s a n d r a c e ! ! W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r h e a l t h
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E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h i t e s o c i a l e x p e r i e n c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n 8 8 a ; 8 a ;
Key questions W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s e l f - r e p o r t e d g e n e r a l h e a l t h s t a t u s ?
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e s e l f - i d e n t i f i e d r a c e / e t h n i c g r o u p
E v e n w i t h i n t h e s a m e e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l
W h y i s s o c i a l l y - a s s i g n e d r a c e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l ? 8 U b C U b C ~ What is racism?
What is racism?
What is racism?
a A Our tasks N a m e r a c i s m
A s k , H o w i s r a c i s m o p e r a t i n g h e r e ?
O r g a n i z e a n d s t r a t e g i z e t o a c t P P BRFSS coordinators Limitations B R F S S i s a t e l e p h o n e s u r v e y
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Wingdings Tahoma q Adobe Photoshop Image N Racism and Health: Collecting Evidence to address root causes of disparities N Racism and Health: Collecting Evidence to address root causes of disparities Acknowledgments What is racism? What is racism? What is racism? What is racism? What is racism? What is racism? What is racism? Reactions to Race module ! States using Reactions to Race PowerPoint Presentation General health status Socially-assigned race PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation ! General health status and race Self-identified ethnicity Self-identified race ! Self-identified race/ethnicity PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation ! General health status and race PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation ! General health status and race PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation ! General health status and race Key questions What is racism? What is racism? What is racism?
Our tasks BRFSS coordinators LimitatiP o w e r P o i n t D o c u m e n t ( -A D o c u m e n t S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n 8 ՜. +,D ՜. +, H
On-screen Show CDC -A < 8 %
? Times New Roman
Arial Narrow Arial
Wingdings Tahoma q Adobe Photoshop Image N Racism and Health: Collecting Evidence to address root causes of disparities N Racism and Health: Collecting Evidence to address root causes of disparities Acknowledgments What is racism? What is racism? What is racism? What is racism? What is racism? What is racism? What is racism? Reactions to Race module ! States using Reactions to Race PowerPoint Presentation General health status Socially-assigned race PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation ! General health status and race Self-identified ethnicity Self-identified race ! Self-identified race/ethnicity PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation ! General health status and race PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation ! General health status and race PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint Presentation ! General health status and race Key questions What is racism? What is racism? What is racism?
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c d j 9 @ c d c . g o v J o n e s , C a m a r a N, $ _ A Camara Jones C a m a r a J o n ; A P H A p r e s e n t a t i o n o n " R e a c t i o n e s s t o R a c e " o n t h e 2 0 0 4 B R F S S